Population statistics in Taiwan are derived from the husehold registration system and released regularly. The household registration, however, suffers from coverage errors because of incomplete or inaccurate information, residential mobility, and updating delays. The inconsistency between registered and actual, current residential addresses is an important issue in population statistics. On the other hand, census and large-scale sample surveys are conducted to estimate the de jure population as a whole or for certain demographic groups. De jure population has the advantage of reflecting the most up-to-date population distribution, while residential mobility also leads to the lack of a gold standard. Using more than 65 thousand cases from the 2016 National Hakka Population and Language Survey (NHPLS), this study aims to estimate the registered and de jure populations at the county or city and boroughor township levels. The inconsistency between the two population estimates is reported. As the purpose of the 2016 NHPLS is to estimate the distribution of Hakka population in Taiwan, results using registered and current residential address are reported to illustrate the inconsistency. Researchers need to be aware of the limitation when using survey results to estimate population when a gold standard is lacking. Based on our findings, implications for policy making and survey practices are discussed. Keywords: registered population, de jure population, sample survey, population estimation

Obesity has become a major health issue in industrialized and developing countries. Obese people are stigmatized for social and health reasons. This study examined obesity, public attitudes toward governmentfunded obesity prevention, and psychological distress in 26 countries. The following three issues were examined: (1) whether obese people experienced more psychological distress, and whether the association is stronger in countries where public attitude favoring government-funded obesity prevention; (2) whether perceived social status moderated the negative association between obesity and psychological distress; and (3) whether there was a gender-specific association between obesity and psychological distress, as well as whether women experience more psychological distress than men in countries where public attitude was toward favoring government-funded obesity prevention. The data were obtained from the health module of the 2011 International Social Survey Program. A total of 23,811 adults aged 18 to 64 years in 26 countries across Europe and Asia were included in the study. Multilevel analyses were conducted. The results revealed that obese people in countries where public attitude was toward favoring government-funded obesity prevention exhibited an elevated risk of psychological distress, yet when stratifying by gender, the effect was only significant in women. Perceived high social status moderated the negative effects of obesity on psychological distress, and the modification was significant only for obese women. Future research should explore the consequences, expected and unexpected, of obesity reduction campaigns and policies for preventing obesity in different countries. Keywords: obesity, psychological distress, obesity prevention, international comparison

Super-diversity is one of the most vital theoretical concepts in the European social science disciplines and migration studies literature in the past decade. According to the definition by concept initiator Steven Vertovec, super-diversity refers to the new challenges and research implications since the massive flow of international migrant populations to European countries and cities. So far, there are more than 300 English journal article publications utilizing the super-diversity concept to conduct social science and migrationrelated research. However, there are no Chinese-language journal articles systematically conducting such research and discussing this new research theory concept. In order to fill the research gap, the present study discusses this new theoretical concept and the research implications. In this regard, the study focuses on the discussions of the challenges and implications of the super-diversity concept for the theories of assimilation and cultural integration in the social science and migration studies literature. Moreover, the author also discusses the challenges of the super-diversity concept with regard to research design and clarification of methodological issues. Keywords: super-diversity, assimilation theories, cultural integration theories, Belgian Taiwanese immigrant, minority–majority cities

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